Significant Solar Flares Occurred
The Sun, our nearest star, constantly emits energy in the form of light and charged particles. Periodically, the Sun experiences sudden bursts of energy known as solar flares. In January 2025, several events of scientific interest were recorded.
1. Classification of Solar Flares
The intensity of solar flares is classified based on X-ray emissions using a scale that includes classes A, B, C, M, and X. Classes A and B represent weak flares, C – moderate, M – strong, and X is the most powerful. Within each class, there is a linear scale from 1 to 9 (e.g., M1, M5, X2), where a larger number indicates greater intensity.
2. M-Class Flares in January 2025
In January 2025, increased solar activity was observed, resulting in the recording of several M-class flares. The following events are particularly noteworthy:
- January 17: Several M-class flares were recorded, including a notable M2.1 flare.
- January 21: An M3.3 flare occurred.
Flares of this class can cause disturbances in the Earth’s geomagnetic field, known as geomagnetic storms.
3. Geomagnetic Storms and Their Consequences
Geomagnetic storms are disturbances of the Earth’s magnetosphere caused by streams of charged particles emitted by the Sun, primarily as a result of coronal mass ejections (CMEs), which often accompany strong solar flares. The consequences of geomagnetic storms can manifest as:
- Disruptions in the operation of communication and navigation satellites (GPS): Temporary malfunctions in navigation and communication systems are possible.
- Power grids: In rare cases, power outages are possible, especially at high latitudes.
- Radio communication: Interference in shortwave radio communication can be observed.
- Auroras: Increased intensity and expansion of the geographical coverage of auroras (Northern and Southern Lights).
It should be noted that M-class flares generally do not pose a direct threat to human health on the Earth’s surface.
4. Monitoring Solar Activity
Up-to-date information on current solar activity and space weather forecasts can be found here: It is recommended to refer to specialized resources: